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Follicular Absorption: Hair follicles and sweat glands on the skin’s surface can act as conduits for drug absorption. Drugs that are small enough to penetrate these openings can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the hair follicles or sweat ducts. This route of absorption is particularly relevant for drugs with limited permeability through the stratum corneum.

Advantages of Transdermal Delivery
Convenient and Non-Invasive: Transdermal drug delivery provides a convenient and non-invasive method of drug administration. It eliminates the need for injections or oral medications, making it more user-friendly and less painful for patients.
Steady and Controlled Release: Transdermal patches are designed to deliver drugs at a controlled and consistent rate over an extended period. This steady release helps maintain therapeutic drug levels in the body, minimizing fluctuations and enhancing treatment efficacy.
Avoidance of First-Pass Metabolism: Unlike oral medications, which pass through the digestive system and liver before reaching the bloodstream, transdermal drug delivery bypasses the first-pass metabolism. This allows drugs to directly enter the systemic circulation, potentially reducing the risk of metabolism-related drug degradation.
Improved Patient Compliance: Transdermal patches offer a convenient dosing regimen, typically requiring application only once a day or every few days. This simplicity and reduced dosing frequency can improve patient compliance, ensuring consistent medication intake.
Localized Drug Delivery: Transdermal drug delivery allows for targeted drug administration to specific areas of the body, such as the site of pain or skin conditions. This localized delivery can enhance the therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic side effects.

The skin, being the largest organ of the body, serves as a barrier that protects us from external elements. However, it also possesses the remarkable ability to absorb certain substances, including medications. The process of drug absorption through the skin occurs in multiple steps.

Firstly, the drug formulation must have the appropriate properties to penetrate the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum. This layer consists of dead skin cells and acts as the main barrier to drug absorption. To overcome this barrier, drugs must have specific characteristics such as a small molecular size, lipophilicity (ability to dissolve in fats), and an optimal balance between hydrophilicity (ability to dissolve in water) and lipophilicity.
By harnessing the unique properties of the skin, transdermal drug delivery opens up new possibilities for medication administration. As research progresses and technology advances, the potential for enhanced drug absorption through the skin continues to expand. In the following sections, we will explore common drugs that can be absorbed through the skin, factors influencing transdermal drug absorption, and the advantages and limitations of this innovative drug delivery method.

Transdermal drug delivery is a method of administering medication through the skin, directly into the bloodstream. This route of drug administration is achieved using specialized formulations, such as Essential Oil, which are applied to the skin surface. The medication then gradually penetrates the layers of the skin, reaching the blood vessels beneath.

The concept of transdermal drug delivery aims to provide controlled and sustained release of medication over an extended period. This approach offers several advantages over traditional oral or injectable routes, including improved medication adherence, avoidance of gastrointestinal degradation, and reduced potential for side effects.